Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Cerebral endothelial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase improves ischemia-induced cognitive impairment via interacting with protein phosphatase 2A

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Endothelial PP2A deficiency induces hippocampal dysfunction in mice. (A–C) Bioinformation analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) biological process analysis of genes related to VCD (A, B). Protein interaction network of genes enriched in “positive regulation of protein phosphorylation”, “response to hydrogen sulfide” and PP2ACA via STRING (C). (D) Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis of different genes in RNA sequencing ( n = 3). (E) Immunoblots of PP2AC α proteins level in PBMECs isolated from WT sham or WT LCA mice ( n = 4). (F, G) Representative confocal image (F) and quantification (G) of PP2AC α in brain endothelium of wild type mice after LCA, PP2Ac α (Green), lectin + endothelium (red) ( n = 4). Scale bar, 20 μm. (H) Survival curves of PP2A EC-cKO versus PP2AC α f/f mice after partial ligation on left carotid artery (LCA). (I–L) Cognition of male mice was evaluated by Y-maze test (I) and Morris water maze test 28 days after LCA. (J) The typical swim path of mice in the Morris water maze test. (K) Latency to reach the hidden platform during the acquisition trial after LCA. (L) Percentage occupancy in the goal quadrant in the probe trial ( n = 10–13). (M) Nissl staining for neurodegeneration in the hippocampus after LCA ( n = 5). (N, O) Representative confocal image (N) and quantification (O) of NeuN + neurons (red) in the CA3 and DG hippocampal subfield of PP2AC α f/f and PP2A EC-cKO mice ( n = 6). Scale bar, 20 or 50 μm. (P, Q) Reduced hippocampal fEPSP slope (P) and averages of the last 10 min of fEPSP recording(Q) in the CA1 region of PP2A EC-cKO mice compared to PP2AC α f/f mice. Representative traces before (1) and after (2) tetanic stimulation was shown above fEPSP recording. Scale bars depict 10 ms or 0.25 mV. PP2AC α f/f : n = 10 from 4 mice; PP2A EC-cKO : n = 10 from 3 mice. Data are expressed mean ± SEM, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Cell lysates from PBMECs or bEnd.3 Cells infected with lenti-Ppp2ca-shRNA or lenti-vector were subjected to PP2A immunoprecipitation (IP) using anti-PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2AC) antibody (cell signaling technology, 2238S) overnight at 4 °C, followed by immobilization on protein A/G magnetic beads (MCE HYK, 0202) for 2 h. The immunoprecipitate was then incubated with phosphopeptide substrate (KRpTIRR) for 30 min at 37 °C, and the reaction was terminated using Malachite green reagent before measuring the absorbance at 620 nm.

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, RNA Sequencing, Western Blot, Isolation, Ligation, Staining

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Cerebral endothelial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase improves ischemia-induced cognitive impairment via interacting with protein phosphatase 2A

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: PP2A deficiency in brain endothelium via AAV-Tie-Cre also induces cognitive dysfunction. (A) Experimental schematic of AAV-Tie-Cre intrahippocampal injection. (B, C) Representative confocal image (B) and transduction ratio (C) of Ppp2Cα deletion in hippocampal endothelium at 3 weeks after AAV-Tie-CRE injection. PP2Ac α f/f mice injected with AAV-Tie-CRE or AAV-zsGreen as control. PP2AC α (Green), lectin + endothelium (red) ( n = 6–7). Scale bar, 50 μm. (D–G) Cognition was evaluated by Y-maze test (D) and Morris water maze test (E–G) at 3 weeks after AAV-Tie-CRE injection. (E) The typical swim path of PP2Ac α f/f -zsGreen and PP2Ac α f/f -AAV-Tie-cre mice in the Morris water maze test. (F) Latency to reach the hidden platform during the acquisition trial. (G) Percentage occupancy in the goal quadrant in the probe trial, ( n = 10–11). (H) Nissl staining for neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of PP2Ac α f/f -zsGreen and PP2Ac α f/f -AAV-Tie-cre mice at 3 weeks after AAV-Tie-CRE injection, ( n = 5). (I, J) Representative confocal image (I) and quantification (J) of NeuN + neurons (red) in the CA3 and DG hippocampal subfield of PP2Ac α f/f -zsGreen and PP2Ac α f/f -AAV-Tie-cre mice at 3 weeks after AAV-Tie-CRE injection ( n = 6–8). Scale bar, 50 μm. Data are expressed mean ± SEM, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Cell lysates from PBMECs or bEnd.3 Cells infected with lenti-Ppp2ca-shRNA or lenti-vector were subjected to PP2A immunoprecipitation (IP) using anti-PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2AC) antibody (cell signaling technology, 2238S) overnight at 4 °C, followed by immobilization on protein A/G magnetic beads (MCE HYK, 0202) for 2 h. The immunoprecipitate was then incubated with phosphopeptide substrate (KRpTIRR) for 30 min at 37 °C, and the reaction was terminated using Malachite green reagent before measuring the absorbance at 620 nm.

Techniques: Injection, Transduction, Control, Staining

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Cerebral endothelial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase improves ischemia-induced cognitive impairment via interacting with protein phosphatase 2A

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Restoration of endothelial PP2A in the brain impedes cognitive dysfunction in PP2A EC-cKO mice. (A, B) Representative confocal image (A) and ratio of Ppp2Cα restoration in hippocampal endothelium (B) at 3 weeks after AAV virus injection. PP2Ac α (Green), lectin + (red) is the marker of endothelium ( n = 6–7). Scale bar, 50 μm. (C)–(F) Cognition was evaluated by Y-maze test (C) and Morris water maze test (D)–(F) at 3 weeks after AAV virus injection. (D) The typical swim path of PP2AC α f/f -zsGreen, PP2AC α f/f -AAV-Tie- Ppp2cα , PP2A EC-cKO -zsGreen, PP2A EC-cKO -AAV-Tie- Ppp2cα mice in the Morris water maze test. (E) Latency to reach the hidden platform during the acquisition trial. (F) Percentage occupancy in the goal quadrant in the probe trial ( n = 11–14). (G) Nissl staining for neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of PP2AC α f/f -zsGreen, PP2AC α f/f -AAV-Tie- Ppp2cα , PP2A EC-cKO -zsGreen, PP2A EC-cKO -AAV-Tie- Ppp2cα mice at 3 weeks after AAV virus injection ( n = 5). Scale bar, 100 μm. (H, I) Representative confocal image (H) and quantification (I) of NeuN + neurons (red) in the CA3 and DG hippocampal subfield of PP2AC α f/f -zsGreen, PP2AC α f/f -AAV-Tie- Ppp2cα , PP2A EC-cKO -zsGreen, PP2A EC-cKO -AAV-Tie- Ppp2cα mice at 3 weeks after AAV virus injection ( n = 6–8). Scale bar, 20 or 50 μm. Data are expressed mean ± SEM, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Cell lysates from PBMECs or bEnd.3 Cells infected with lenti-Ppp2ca-shRNA or lenti-vector were subjected to PP2A immunoprecipitation (IP) using anti-PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2AC) antibody (cell signaling technology, 2238S) overnight at 4 °C, followed by immobilization on protein A/G magnetic beads (MCE HYK, 0202) for 2 h. The immunoprecipitate was then incubated with phosphopeptide substrate (KRpTIRR) for 30 min at 37 °C, and the reaction was terminated using Malachite green reagent before measuring the absorbance at 620 nm.

Techniques: Virus, Injection, Marker, Staining

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Cerebral endothelial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase improves ischemia-induced cognitive impairment via interacting with protein phosphatase 2A

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Endothelial PP2A deficiency resulted in a reduction of H 2 S production in mice. (A, B) Bioinformation analysis for the interaction between PP2A and hydrogen sulfide. (C–E) Measurement of H 2 S concentration. (C) PP2AC α f/f and PP2A EC-cKO PBMECs, ( n = 5), (D) PP2AC α f/f PBMECs infected with AAV-Tie-cre ( n = 4), (E) bEnd.3 cells were transfected with Ppp2ca shRNA, ( n = 5). (F–I) Cognition was evaluated by Y-maze test (F) and Morris water maze test (G–I) at 2 days after termination of NaHS administration. (G) The typical swim path of PP2AC α f/f -saline, PP2AC α f/f -NaHS, PP2A EC-cKO -saline, PP2A EC-cKO -NaHS mice. (H) Latency to reach the hidden platform during the acquisition trial. (I) Percentage occupancy in the goal quadrant in the probe trial, ( n = 9–14). (J) Nissl staining for neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of PP2AC α f/f -saline, PP2AC α f/f -NaHS, PP2A EC-cKO -saline, PP2A EC-cKO -NaHS mice ( n = 5). Scale bar, 100 μm. (K, L) Representative confocal image (K) and quantification (L) of NeuN + neurons (red) in the CA3 and DG hippocampal subfield of PP2AC α f/f -saline, PP2AC α f/f -NaHS, PP2A EC-cKO -saline, PP2A EC-cKO -NaHS mice at 7 days after termination of NaHS administration ( n = 5∼7). Scale bar, 20 or 50 μm. Data are expressed mean ± SEM, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Cell lysates from PBMECs or bEnd.3 Cells infected with lenti-Ppp2ca-shRNA or lenti-vector were subjected to PP2A immunoprecipitation (IP) using anti-PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2AC) antibody (cell signaling technology, 2238S) overnight at 4 °C, followed by immobilization on protein A/G magnetic beads (MCE HYK, 0202) for 2 h. The immunoprecipitate was then incubated with phosphopeptide substrate (KRpTIRR) for 30 min at 37 °C, and the reaction was terminated using Malachite green reagent before measuring the absorbance at 620 nm.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Infection, Transfection, shRNA, Saline, Staining

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Cerebral endothelial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase improves ischemia-induced cognitive impairment via interacting with protein phosphatase 2A

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Endothelial PP2A deficiency suppressed MPST expression in mice. (A, B) Representative confocal images (A) and quantification (B) of MPST in hippocampal endothelium of PP2AC α f/f and PP2A EC-cKO mice. MPST (green), Lectin (red) ( n = 7–8). Scale bar, 50 μm. (C, D) Representative confocal images (C) and quantification (D) of MPST in hippocampal endothelium of PP2AC α f/f -zsGreen and PP2AC α f/f -AAV-Tie-cre mice ( n = 6). MPST (green), Lectin (red). Scale bar = 50 μm. (E) Immunoblots of MPST proteins level in PBMECs and bEnd.3 cells ( n = 4 for PBMECs; n = 5 for bEnd.3 cells). (F) Immunoblots of MPST proteins level in bEnd.3 cells. bEnd.3 cells were treated with 100 nmol/L okadaic acid (OA) to inhibit PP2A activity ( n = 6). (G) Immunoblots of MPST proteins level in PBMECs lysates isolated from PP2AC α f/f mice infected with AAV-zsGreen or AAV-Tie-cre ( n = 7). (H) Immunoblots of MPST proteins level in PBMECs lysates isolated from PP2AC α f/f and PP2A EC-cKO mice infected with AAV-zsGreen or AAV-Tie- Mpst ( n = 4). (I) H 2 S concentration in PBMECs lysates isolated from PP2AC α f/f and PP2A EC-cKO mice infected with AAV-zsGreen or AAV-Tie- Mpst ( n = 5–6). (J–M) Cognition was evaluated by Y-maze test (J) and Morris water maze test (K–M) at 3 weeks after AAV-Tie- Mpst injection. (K) The typical swim path of PP2AC α f/f -zsGreen, PP2AC α f/f - Mpst , PP2A EC-cKO -zsGreen, PP2A EC-cKO - Mpst mice. (L) Latency to reach the hidden platform during the acquisition trial. (M) Percentage occupancy in the goal quadrant in the probe trial ( n = 10–13). (N, O) Representative confocal image (N) and quantification (O) of NeuN + neurons (red) in the CA3 and DG hippocampal subfield of PP2AC α f/f -zsGreen, PP2AC α f/f - Mpst , PP2A EC-cKO -zsGreen, PP2A EC-cKO - Mpst ( n = 5–7). Scale bar, 50 μm. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Cell lysates from PBMECs or bEnd.3 Cells infected with lenti-Ppp2ca-shRNA or lenti-vector were subjected to PP2A immunoprecipitation (IP) using anti-PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2AC) antibody (cell signaling technology, 2238S) overnight at 4 °C, followed by immobilization on protein A/G magnetic beads (MCE HYK, 0202) for 2 h. The immunoprecipitate was then incubated with phosphopeptide substrate (KRpTIRR) for 30 min at 37 °C, and the reaction was terminated using Malachite green reagent before measuring the absorbance at 620 nm.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Activity Assay, Isolation, Infection, Concentration Assay, Injection

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Cerebral endothelial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase improves ischemia-induced cognitive impairment via interacting with protein phosphatase 2A

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Endothelial PP2A deficiency promotes calpain2-mediated degradation of MPST. (A, B) Relative mRNA levels of MPST in PBMECs isolated from PP2AC α f/f or PP2A EC-cKO mice ( n = 4) (A) and bEnd.3 cells ( n = 6) (B). (C, D) Relative mRNA levels of Capn1 (C) and Capn2 (D) in PBMECs lysates isolated from PP2AC α f/f or PP2A EC-cKO mice ( n = 4–5). (E, F) Immunoblots of calpain 2 (E) and calpain1 (F) proteins level in PBMECs lysates isolated from PP2AC α f/f or PP2A EC-cKO mice ( n = 4–5). (G) Representative line-scan images of Ca 2+ sparks and time-dependent profiles of global Ca 2+ influx induced by application of 0.3 mol/L CaCl 2 for PP2AC α f/f and PP2A EC-cKO PBMECs. (H) Maximum amplitude of CaCl 2 induced Ca 2+ transients. (I) Immunoblot analysis of calpain2 phosphorylation level in PP2AC α f/f and PP2A EC-cKO PBMECs using phospho-serine antibody. (J) Immunoblot analysis of calpain2 and MPST proteins in PBMECs lysates immunoprecipitated with control IgG or anti-calpain2 antibody. (K) Immunoblot analysis of calpain2 and MPST proteins in PBMECs lysates immunoprecipitated with control IgG or anti-MPST antibody. (L–N) Immunoblots of calpain2 and MPST in PP2AC α f/f and PP2A EC-cKO PBMECs. PBMECs were treated with vehicle or 40 μmol/L PD150606 for 12 h. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Cell lysates from PBMECs or bEnd.3 Cells infected with lenti-Ppp2ca-shRNA or lenti-vector were subjected to PP2A immunoprecipitation (IP) using anti-PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2AC) antibody (cell signaling technology, 2238S) overnight at 4 °C, followed by immobilization on protein A/G magnetic beads (MCE HYK, 0202) for 2 h. The immunoprecipitate was then incubated with phosphopeptide substrate (KRpTIRR) for 30 min at 37 °C, and the reaction was terminated using Malachite green reagent before measuring the absorbance at 620 nm.

Techniques: Isolation, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Immunoprecipitation, Control

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Cerebral endothelial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase improves ischemia-induced cognitive impairment via interacting with protein phosphatase 2A

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: PP2A activator FTY720 restores ischemic neuron dysfunction and endothelial MPST expression. (A, B) Representative confocal image (A) and quantification (B) of MPST expression in brain endothelium. MPST (Green), lectin + (red). Scale bar, 20 μm. (C) Measurement of H 2 S concentration after FTY720 treatment. (D–G) Cognition was evaluated by Morris water maze test (D–F) and Y-maze test (G) at 2 weeks after FTY720 treatment. (D) The typical swim path of WT or LCA mice treated with either vehicle (0.4% dimethyl sulfoxide in PBS) or FTY720 (2 mg/kg) by daily gavage. (E) Latency to reach the hidden platform during the acquisition trial. (F) Percentage occupancy in the goal quadrant in the probe trial. (G) Percentage time spent in the novel arm ( n = 10–11). (H, I) Representative confocal image (H) and quantification (I) of NeuN + neurons in the brain ( n = 6). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, ∗ P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Cell lysates from PBMECs or bEnd.3 Cells infected with lenti-Ppp2ca-shRNA or lenti-vector were subjected to PP2A immunoprecipitation (IP) using anti-PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2AC) antibody (cell signaling technology, 2238S) overnight at 4 °C, followed by immobilization on protein A/G magnetic beads (MCE HYK, 0202) for 2 h. The immunoprecipitate was then incubated with phosphopeptide substrate (KRpTIRR) for 30 min at 37 °C, and the reaction was terminated using Malachite green reagent before measuring the absorbance at 620 nm.

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay

Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B

Article Title: Cerebral endothelial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase improves ischemia-induced cognitive impairment via interacting with protein phosphatase 2A

doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.11.015

Figure Lengend Snippet: 3MP sodium restores ischemic neuron dysfunction and endothelial MPST expression. (A) Measurement of H 2 S concentration after 3MP sodium treatment. (B, C) Representative confocal image (B) and quantification (C) of MPST expression in brain endothelium. MPST (Green), lectin + (red). Scale bar, 20 μm. (D, E) Representative confocal image (D) and quantification (E) of PP2AC α expression in brain endothelium. PP2AC α (Green), lectin + (red). Scale bar, 20 μm. (F–H) Cognition was evaluated by Novel object recognition (F–G) and Y-maze test (H) at 12 days after 3MP sodium treatment. (F) The typical path of WT or LCA mice treated with either vehicle (0.4% dimethyl sulfoxide in PBS) or 3MP sodium (1 mg/kg) by daily i.p. (G) Discrimination index toward a novel object. (H) Percentage time spent in the novel arm ( n = 9). (I, J) Representative confocal image (I) and quantification (J) of NeuN + neurons in the brain ( n = 6). Data are expressed mean ± SEM, ∗ P < 0.05, ∗∗ P < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Cell lysates from PBMECs or bEnd.3 Cells infected with lenti-Ppp2ca-shRNA or lenti-vector were subjected to PP2A immunoprecipitation (IP) using anti-PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2AC) antibody (cell signaling technology, 2238S) overnight at 4 °C, followed by immobilization on protein A/G magnetic beads (MCE HYK, 0202) for 2 h. The immunoprecipitate was then incubated with phosphopeptide substrate (KRpTIRR) for 30 min at 37 °C, and the reaction was terminated using Malachite green reagent before measuring the absorbance at 620 nm.

Techniques: Expressing, Concentration Assay

Journal: Advances in Medicine

Article Title: Age-Dependent Protein Expression of Serine/Threonine Phosphatases and Their Inhibitors in the Human Cardiac Atrium

doi: 10.1155/2019/2675972

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression data of decennial patient groups.

Article Snippet: Following primary antibodies were used: from Santa Cruz, Heidelberg, Germany, diluted at 1 : 1000: anti-PP6 (#sc-130849), anti-PP2C α / β (#sc-166662), anti-PP2B-B1/2 (#sc-373803), anti-PP2B-A (#sc-9070), anti-PP2A-C α / β (#sc-14020, 1 : 250), anti-PP2A-B56- α (#sc-271311, 1 : 500), anti-PP2A-A α / β (#sc-74580, 1 : 250), and anti-I2PP2A (#sc-5655, 1 : 1000); from Biomol, Hamburg, Germany: anti-PHAP 1(=I1PP2A, #P3368-02F, 1 : 1000), and anti-PPP1R2 (=I 2 PP1 , #WA-AP16058b, 1 : 1000); and anti-calsequestrin (#SP5340P, 1 : 1000, Acris Antibodies, Herford, Germany), anti-protein phosphatase inhibitor 1 (#ab40877, 1 : 1000, abcam, Berlin, Germany), anti-PP5 (#611021, 1 : 500, BD Transduction Laboratories, Heidelberg, Germany), and anti-PP1 α (#2582, Cell Signaling Technology via New England Biolabs, Frankfurt/Main, Germany).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Advances in Medicine

Article Title: Age-Dependent Protein Expression of Serine/Threonine Phosphatases and Their Inhibitors in the Human Cardiac Atrium

doi: 10.1155/2019/2675972

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative western blots for PP1, PP2Ac, PP2C, I 1 PP2A , and I 2 PP2A of cardiac homogenates from patients of 53, 70, and 81 years of age (a). Exemplary full lanes of western blots are also depicted (b); as loading control calsequestrin (CSQ) was studied. On the top of each lane, the age of the patient is given.

Article Snippet: Following primary antibodies were used: from Santa Cruz, Heidelberg, Germany, diluted at 1 : 1000: anti-PP6 (#sc-130849), anti-PP2C α / β (#sc-166662), anti-PP2B-B1/2 (#sc-373803), anti-PP2B-A (#sc-9070), anti-PP2A-C α / β (#sc-14020, 1 : 250), anti-PP2A-B56- α (#sc-271311, 1 : 500), anti-PP2A-A α / β (#sc-74580, 1 : 250), and anti-I2PP2A (#sc-5655, 1 : 1000); from Biomol, Hamburg, Germany: anti-PHAP 1(=I1PP2A, #P3368-02F, 1 : 1000), and anti-PPP1R2 (=I 2 PP1 , #WA-AP16058b, 1 : 1000); and anti-calsequestrin (#SP5340P, 1 : 1000, Acris Antibodies, Herford, Germany), anti-protein phosphatase inhibitor 1 (#ab40877, 1 : 1000, abcam, Berlin, Germany), anti-PP5 (#611021, 1 : 500, BD Transduction Laboratories, Heidelberg, Germany), and anti-PP1 α (#2582, Cell Signaling Technology via New England Biolabs, Frankfurt/Main, Germany).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Advances in Medicine

Article Title: Age-Dependent Protein Expression of Serine/Threonine Phosphatases and Their Inhibitors in the Human Cardiac Atrium

doi: 10.1155/2019/2675972

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation of PP2C (a), PP2Ac (c), I 1 PP2A (e), and I 2 PP2A (g) expression with age. Ordinates are expression data normalized to CSQ in arbitrary phosphoimager units versus age (abscissae). (b), (d), (f), and (h) Expression data are combined to four age groups and are given as means ± SEM; n =6 − 24 (compare with ). ★ indicates a significant correlation, ∗ p < 0.05 vs. all other age groups, and # p < 0.05 vs. age group 60–69.

Article Snippet: Following primary antibodies were used: from Santa Cruz, Heidelberg, Germany, diluted at 1 : 1000: anti-PP6 (#sc-130849), anti-PP2C α / β (#sc-166662), anti-PP2B-B1/2 (#sc-373803), anti-PP2B-A (#sc-9070), anti-PP2A-C α / β (#sc-14020, 1 : 250), anti-PP2A-B56- α (#sc-271311, 1 : 500), anti-PP2A-A α / β (#sc-74580, 1 : 250), and anti-I2PP2A (#sc-5655, 1 : 1000); from Biomol, Hamburg, Germany: anti-PHAP 1(=I1PP2A, #P3368-02F, 1 : 1000), and anti-PPP1R2 (=I 2 PP1 , #WA-AP16058b, 1 : 1000); and anti-calsequestrin (#SP5340P, 1 : 1000, Acris Antibodies, Herford, Germany), anti-protein phosphatase inhibitor 1 (#ab40877, 1 : 1000, abcam, Berlin, Germany), anti-PP5 (#611021, 1 : 500, BD Transduction Laboratories, Heidelberg, Germany), and anti-PP1 α (#2582, Cell Signaling Technology via New England Biolabs, Frankfurt/Main, Germany).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Annals of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Cornel iridoid glycoside ameliorates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic mice by attenuating amyloid-beta, tau hyperphosphorylation and neurotrophic dysfunction

doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.138

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of CIG on activity-related modifications of PP2A and GSK-3β in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 3×Tg mice (western blotting). (A) Representative blots of PP2A catalytic subunit C (PP2Ac) methylated PP2Ac at Leu309 (m-PP2Ac), GSK-3β and phosphorylated GSK-3β at Ser9 (p-GSK3β-Ser9). Quantitative findings of PP2Ac, m-PP2Ac, GSK-3β and p-GSK3β-Ser9 in cerebral cortex (B) and hippocampus (C). Internal control was β-actin. Ratio of target protein to β-actin in WT control mice was set as 1. Data are expressed as means ± SEM; n=4 per group. ###, P<0.001, 3×Tg group vs. WT group; *, P<0.05, **, P<0.01, ***, P<0.001, CIG-treated groups vs. 3×Tg group. CIG, cornel iridoid glycoside.

Article Snippet: The monoclonal primary antibodies used in these assays comprised rabbit anti-Aβ antibody diluted 1:1,000; mouse anti-CREB antibody diluted 1:1,000 and rabbit anti-phosphorylated CREB antibody diluted 1:1,000 (Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit anti-APP antibody diluted 1:500, rabbit anti-BACE1 antibody diluted 1:10,000, rabbit anti-IDE antibody diluted 1:10,000, rabbit anti-p-GSK3β-Ser9 antibody diluted 1:1,000 and rabbit anti-NGF antibody diluted 1:1,000 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK); rabbit anti-ADAM10 antibody (diluted 1:10,000; Sigma), rabbit anti-NEP antibody diluted 1:1,000 (Merck-Millipore); rabbit anti-PP2Ac antibody diluted 1:500 and mouse anti-methylated PP2Ac antibody diluted 1:100 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas TX, USA); rabbit anti-GSK-3β antibody diluted 1:1,000 and mouse anti-β-actin antibody diluted 1:1,000 (ZSGB-Biotechnology Company, Beijing, China); rabbit anti-BDNF antibody diluted 1:2,000 (Epitomics International Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA); rabbit anti-phosphorylated tau at Ser396 antibody diluted 1:1,000 and rabbit anti-phosphorylation tau at Ser44 site antibody diluted 1:1,000 (Invitrogen, Waltham, MA, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Western Blot, Methylation, Control